The presence of PFAS in sparkling water has become a topic of concern for those who care about water quality and safety. It can be difficult to know what’s healthy and what isn’t.
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of synthetic chemicals that can be found in some sparkling water brands. Although trace amounts are generally considered safe, excessive PFAS exposure may lead to health issues. It is crucial to choose sparkling water with low PFAS levels or those filtered effectively to reduce potential risks.
In this comprehensive article, we will investigate the nature of PFAS, their potential hazards, and their connection to health issues such as low testosterone. We will also discuss safe PFAS levels, explore their presence in sparkling water, and identify brands with high and low PFAS concentrations.
Join me as we uncover crucial information about PFAS in sparkling water and help you make informed choices about your favorite beverages.
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Table of Contents
Key Takeaways
| Key Takeaways | Details |
| Low PFAS Sparkling Water Brands | Sparkling Ice, Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, Schweppes |
| High PFAS Sparkling Water Brands | Perrier, La Croix, Canada Dry, Poland Spring, Bubly, Polar, Topo Chico |
| Healthiest Sparkling Water Brands | Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, Schweppes, Sparkling Ice (with artificial sweeteners) |
| Consumer Reports Study | Tested 47 bottled waters, including 12 carbonated ones, for PFAS concentrations |
| PFAS Guidelines | Federal guidance: 70 ppt for combined PFAS compounds; some states and industry groups advocate for lower limits |
What Are PFAS?
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of man-made chemicals that have been widely used in various industries since the 1940s. These substances are known for their durability, water resistance, and ability to repel oil and grease, making them a popular choice for products such as non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foams.
However, their resistance to breaking down has earned them the nickname “forever chemicals,” which poses potential environmental and health risks. PFAS can accumulate in the environment, especially in water sources, leading to possible contamination of drinking water, including sparkling water.
Health Risks of PFAS in Sparkling Water
While PFAS have been useful in numerous applications, growing evidence suggests that they might pose significant risks to human health. Long-term exposure to high levels of PFAS has been linked to a variety of health issues, including:
- Hormonal disruptions
- Weakened immune systems
- Increased cholesterol levels
- Developmental issues in children
- Increased risk of certain cancers
Given these potential dangers, it is vital to understand the levels of PFAS in the water we consume, including sparkling water.
Low testosterone and PFAS exposure
One of the major concerns associated with PFAS exposure is its connection to low testosterone levels in men. Studies have found that higher concentrations of these chemicals can disrupt hormone production, leading to reduced testosterone levels. This can have significant health consequences, such as reduced fertility, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and diminished overall well-being. As a result, understanding and managing PFAS levels in drinking water, including sparkling water, is crucial for protecting public health.
What are the effects of PFAS on the environment?
PFAS have several negative effects on the environment, including:
- Persistence: PFAS are often referred to as “forever chemicals” because they do not readily break down in the environment, remaining present for long periods.
- Bioaccumulation: PFAS can accumulate in the tissues of living organisms, such as fish and other wildlife, posing potential risks to ecosystems and the food chain.
- Water pollution: PFAS can contaminate water sources, including rivers, lakes, and groundwater, leading to environmental degradation and negatively impacting aquatic life.
What Level of PFAS is Safe?
Determining a safe level of PFAS in water is a complex issue, as the acceptable concentration depends on factors such as the specific PFAS compound, the individual’s age, and the duration of exposure. Various regulatory agencies and health organizations have established guidelines for PFAS levels in drinking water, but these recommendations can vary significantly.
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a lifetime health advisory level of 70 parts per trillion (ppt) for the combined concentration of two common PFAS compounds, PFOA and PFOS. However, some states have set stricter limits, while other experts argue that even lower levels may be necessary to protect public health.
The European Union has also set limits for PFAS in drinking water, with a combined limit of 100 ppt for 20 specific PFAS compounds, including PFOA and PFOS. These guidelines aim to protect consumers from potential health risks associated with long-term PFAS exposure.
It is important to note that these guidelines are subject to change as new research emerges and our understanding of PFAS-related health risks evolves. When considering the safety of sparkling water or any other drinking water source, it is essential to stay informed about the latest recommendations from reputable health and environmental organizations. Ultimately, the goal should be to minimize PFAS exposure as much as possible to reduce the potential for adverse health effects.
Are PFAS in Sparkling Water?
PFAS, due to their pervasive use and persistence in the environment, can be found at low levels in various water sources, including drinking water. This raises the question of whether sparkling water also contains these potentially harmful chemicals.
A study conducted by Consumer Reports (CR) revealed that detectable levels of PFAS were indeed present in several brands of drinking water, both still and sparkling. Interestingly, the research found that the chemicals were more common in sparkling waters than still waters. This might be attributed to factors such as the carbonation process or high levels of PFAS in the source water used for producing sparkling water.
The carbonation process, which involves dissolving carbon dioxide in water under pressure, could potentially alter the behavior of PFAS in water or increase their solubility, making them more likely to be present in sparkling water. Additionally, the use of source water with high PFAS levels may lead to a higher concentration of these chemicals in the final sparkling water product.
As a result, it is essential for consumers to be aware of the potential presence of PFAS in sparkling water and to consider choosing brands that prioritize water quality testing and filtration to reduce PFAS exposure. Moreover, staying informed about the latest research on PFAS in drinking water, including sparkling water, can help consumers make informed decisions to protect their health.
Consumer Reports PFAS Study
Consumer Reports (CR) conducted a study on 47 bottled waters, including 35 noncarbonated and 12 carbonated ones, to assess the presence of PFAS chemicals. Each product was tested with two to four samples, focusing on 30 PFAS chemicals that are particularly concerning due to their persistence in the environment.
The federal government has issued voluntary guidance for PFAS, recommending that the combined amounts of two specific PFAS compounds be below 70 parts per trillion (ppt). Some states have set lower limits, and the International Bottled Water Association suggests even lower levels. However, some experts advocate for total PFAS levels as low as 1 ppt.
The CR study found that many carbonated water products contained measurable amounts of PFAS. Factors contributing to this could be the carbonation process, higher PFAS levels in the source water, or insufficient treatment methods used by some brands.
CR contacted all companies with PFAS levels above 1 ppt. La Croix and Canada Dry stated that their products’ PFAS levels were well below current standards or requirements. Topo Chico, with the highest PFAS levels in the study, committed to making improvements in anticipation of stricter future standards. Nestlé, the maker of Poland Spring and Perrier, claimed their recent tests did not detect PFAS and expressed support for setting federal limits.
Sparkling Water Brands with Low Levels of PFAS
For consumers seeking sparkling water options with minimal PFAS content, it is essential to choose brands that prioritize water quality and effective filtration processes. The table below highlights some sparkling water brands known for their low levels of PFAS, displaying the total PFAS concentration (in parts per trillion) for each brand:
| Carbonated Brands | Total PFAS (Parts per Trillion) |
| Sparkling Ice Black Raspberry Sparkling Water | Not Detected |
| Spindrift Raspberry Lime Sparkling Water | 0.19 |
| Sanpellegrino Natural Sparkling Mineral Water | 0.31 |
| Dasani Black Cherry Sparkling Water | 0.37 |
| Schweppes Lemon Lime Sparkling Water Beverage | 0.58 |
These brands demonstrate that it is possible to produce sparkling water with low PFAS concentrations, providing consumers with safer alternatives. By choosing sparkling water brands with a commitment to water quality and low PFAS levels, consumers can reduce their potential exposure to these persistent and potentially harmful chemicals.
Sparkling Water Brands with High Levels of PFAS
For consumers looking to avoid sparkling water brands with higher PFAS concentrations, it is important to be aware of the products that contain elevated levels of these chemicals. The table below showcases a list of sparkling water brands with high PFAS concentrations, displaying the total PFAS concentration (in parts per trillion) for each brand:
| Carbonated Brands | Total PFAS (Parts per Trillion) |
| Perrier Natural Sparkling Mineral Water | 1.1 |
| La Croix Natural Sparkling Water | 1.16 |
| Canada Dry Lemon Lime Sparkling Seltzer Water | 1.24 |
| Poland Spring Zesty Lime Sparkling Water | 1.66 |
| Bubly Blackberry Sparkling Water | 2.24 |
| Polar Natural Seltzer Water | 6.41 |
| Topo Chico Natural Mineral Water | 9.76 |
By being informed about the PFAS levels in these sparkling water brands, consumers can make educated choices to limit their exposure to these persistent and potentially harmful chemicals. Opting for brands with lower PFAS concentrations can help minimize potential health risks associated with the consumption of these substances.
Best Sparkling Water Brands Without PFAS
For those concerned about PFAS in their sparkling water, there are a number of brands that have low or undetectable levels of these chemicals. The following list highlights the best sparkling water brands without PFAS, ensuring a refreshing drink without the worry of potentially harmful contaminants.
- Spindrift Raspberry Lime Sparkling Water: With a low PFAS concentration of 0.19 ppt, Spindrift uses real fruit juice for flavoring, making it a natural and healthy option.
- Sanpellegrino Natural Sparkling Mineral Water: Containing a PFAS level of 0.31 ppt, Sanpellegrino is known for its natural minerals and subtle taste, making it a refreshing and healthy choice.
- Dasani Black Cherry Sparkling Water: With a PFAS concentration of 0.37 ppt, Dasani offers a calorie-free and sugar-free sparkling water option, using natural flavors without any artificial sweeteners.
- Schweppes Lemon Lime Sparkling Water Beverage: With a PFAS level of 0.58 ppt, Schweppes provides a classic sparkling water beverage with natural flavors and no added sugar or artificial sweeteners.
- Sparkling Ice Black Raspberry Sparkling Water: Although PFAS was not detected in this brand, it is important to note that it contains artificial sweeteners. However, it is still a calorie-free option with natural flavors and added vitamins and antioxidants.
By choosing one of these best sparkling water brands without PFAS, you can enjoy a refreshing beverage without the concern of potential health risks associated with PFAS exposure. Remember to always check labels and stay informed about the latest research on PFAS in drinking water to ensure you’re making the healthiest choices for you and your family.
How Does PFAS Get in Sparkling Water?
PFAS contamination in sparkling water can result from several sources, including:
- Contaminated source water: PFAS can be present in groundwater or surface water sources used to produce sparkling water due to industrial runoff, firefighting foam, or other sources of pollution.
- Carbonation process: The carbonation process might introduce PFAS into the sparkling water, although more research is needed to understand the exact mechanism.
- Treatment methods: Some water treatment methods may not effectively remove PFAS, resulting in their presence in the final product.
Does Your Favorite Sparkling Water Have PFAS in It?
As the concern surrounding PFAS in drinking water continues to grow, it’s important to be informed about the levels of these chemicals in your favorite sparkling water brands.
This section aims to answer the question, “Does your favorite sparkling water have PFAS in it?” by examining the PFAS concentrations in various popular brands, helping you make informed decisions about the sparkling water you consume.
Does Sparkling Ice Black Raspberry Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
Sparkling Ice Black Raspberry Sparkling Water was tested for PFAS, and the results showed no detectable levels of these chemicals. With no PFAS found, this brand falls into the category of sparkling water brands with low levels of PFAS. Consumers who are concerned about PFAS exposure can consider this brand as a safer option for their sparkling water consumption.
Does Spindrift Raspberry Lime Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
Spindrift Raspberry Lime Sparkling Water was found to contain a PFAS concentration of 0.19 ppt. This low level of PFAS places the brand in the category of sparkling water brands with low levels of PFAS. As a result, it is a suitable choice for those seeking to minimize their PFAS exposure while enjoying a refreshing sparkling water beverage.
Does Sanpellegrino Natural Sparkling Mineral Water contain PFAS?
Sanpellegrino Natural Sparkling Mineral Water was tested and found to have a PFAS concentration of 0.31 ppt. This low PFAS level classifies the brand as one of the sparkling water brands with low levels of PFAS. For consumers concerned about PFAS exposure, Sanpellegrino is a suitable option for a healthy and refreshing drink.
Does Dasani Black Cherry Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
Dasani Black Cherry Sparkling Water has a PFAS concentration of 0.37 ppt, which is considered low. This low PFAS level makes it a suitable choice for those looking for sparkling water brands with low levels of PFAS. Consumers can enjoy Dasani Black Cherry Sparkling Water knowing they are minimizing their PFAS exposure.
Does Schweppes Lemon Lime Sparkling Water Beverage contain PFAS?
Schweppes Lemon Lime Sparkling Water Beverage was found to have a PFAS concentration of 0.58 ppt, which is considered low. This places the brand among the sparkling water brands with low levels of PFAS. Consumers concerned about PFAS exposure can choose Schweppes Lemon Lime Sparkling Water as a healthier option for their sparkling water needs.
Does Perrier Natural Sparkling Mineral Water contain PFAS?
Perrier Natural Sparkling Mineral Water was tested and found to have a PFAS concentration of 1.1 ppt. This result places the brand in the category of sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers who are concerned about PFAS exposure should consider other options with lower PFAS levels for their sparkling water consumption.
Does La Croix Natural Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
La Croix Natural Sparkling Water has a PFAS concentration of 1.16 ppt, which is considered high. This places the brand among the sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers looking to minimize their PFAS exposure should opt for alternative sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels.
Does Canada Dry Lemon Lime Sparkling Seltzer Water contain PFAS?
Canada Dry Lemon Lime Sparkling Seltzer Water was found to have a PFAS concentration of 1.24 ppt, which is considered high. This high PFAS level places the brand in the category of sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers concerned about PFAS exposure should choose other sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels.
Does Poland Spring Zesty Lime Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
Poland Spring Zesty Lime Sparkling Water has a PFAS concentration of 1.66 ppt, which is considered high. This result places the brand among the sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers looking to minimize their PFAS exposure should consider alternative sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels.
Does Bubly Blackberry Sparkling Water contain PFAS?
Bubly Blackberry Sparkling Water was found to have a PFAS concentration of 2.24 ppt, which is considered high. This high PFAS level places the brand in the category of sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers concerned about PFAS exposure should choose other sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels to minimize their exposure to these chemicals.
Does Polar Natural Seltzer Water contain PFAS?
Polar Natural Seltzer Water was tested and found to have a PFAS concentration of 6.41 ppt, which is considered high. This result places the brand among the sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers looking to minimize their PFAS exposure should consider alternative sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels for their sparkling water needs.
Does Topo Chico Natural Mineral Water contain PFAS?
Topo Chico Natural Mineral Water has a PFAS concentration of 9.76 ppt, which is considered high. This places the brand in the category of sparkling water brands with high levels of PFAS. Consumers concerned about PFAS exposure should opt for other sparkling water brands with lower PFAS levels to reduce their exposure to these potentially harmful chemicals.
How can I reduce my exposure to PFAS in sparkling water?
To reduce your exposure to PFAS in sparkling water, consider the following steps:
- Choose sparkling water brands with low or undetectable PFAS levels, such as Sparkling Ice, Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, or Schweppes.
- Stay informed about the latest research and news regarding PFAS in drinking water and potential health risks associated with these chemicals.
- Look for certifications or statements from sparkling water manufacturers about their commitment to reducing PFAS levels in their products or adhering to strict safety guidelines.
- If you are concerned about PFAS in tap water, consider investing in a home water filtration system specifically designed to remove PFAS or opt for bottled water from a trusted brand with low PFAS levels.
By staying informed about PFAS in sparkling water and making conscious choices about the brands you consume, you can reduce your exposure to these potentially harmful chemicals and enjoy a refreshing beverage without worry.
FAQs – PFAS in Sparkling Water
Are there any health risks of PFAS in sparkling water?
Yes, PFAS chemicals have been linked to various health issues, including hormonal disruption, immune system dysfunction, and increased cancer risk. It’s essential to choose sparkling water brands with low or undetectable PFAS levels to minimize potential health risks.
How can I find PFAS-free sparkling water brands?
To find PFAS-free or low-PFAS sparkling water brands, consult Consumer Reports or other independent testing organizations that publish data on PFAS levels in different brands. Look for brands like Sparkling Ice, Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, and Schweppes, which have been found to have low PFAS concentrations.
Can home water filters remove PFAS from tap water for making sparkling water?
Some home water filters, such as activated carbon filters, reverse osmosis systems, or ion exchange filters, can effectively remove PFAS from tap water. Before purchasing a filter, ensure it is specifically designed to remove PFAS and verify its performance through third-party testing.
What are the regulations for PFAS in bottled sparkling water?
Currently, the federal government has only issued voluntary guidance for PFAS in drinking water, recommending a combined limit of 70 parts per trillion (ppt) for two specific PFAS compounds. Some states have set lower limits of 12 to 20 ppt, while the International Bottled Water Association suggests limits of 5 ppt for single compounds and 10 ppt for more than one. Regulations may vary depending on your location.
Final Take on PFAS in Sparkling Water
This article discusses the presence of PFAS in various sparkling water brands, highlighting the differences between those with low and high levels of PFAS. A Consumer Reports study tested 47 bottled waters, including 12 carbonated ones, for PFAS concentrations.
Brands with low PFAS levels include Sparkling Ice, Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, and Schweppes. Brands with high PFAS levels are Perrier, La Croix, Canada Dry, Poland Spring, Bubly, Polar, and Topo Chico.
Healthier sparkling water choices with low PFAS levels and natural ingredients include Spindrift, Sanpellegrino, Dasani, and Schweppes.
Federal guidance recommends a combined PFAS concentration of 70 ppt, but some states and industry groups advocate for lower limits.