Did you know that there are some chemicals called PFAS that can be found in our food?
PFAS are a group of man-made chemicals that are used in many products, such as non-stick cookware, water-resistant clothing, and even some food packaging. Unfortunately, these chemicals can get into our food and cause health concerns if we consume too much of them.
Learn about the presence of PFAS in our food and how it can impact our health. Find out what you need to know about PFAS contamination in food, including where it can be found and how to reduce your risk of exposure.
PFAS in Food: PFAS Contamination and Dietary Exposure
PFAS can be found in many different types of food, including seafood, beef, pork, and chicken. These forever chemicals can also be present in prepared and canned foods, as well as in organic foods.
The problem with PFAS in our food is that they can build up in our bodies over time, and too much exposure to these chemicals can cause health problems such as cancer, thyroid disease, and other serious health issues.
It is important to understand the impact of PFAS contamination in our food and to take steps to reduce our exposure to these chemicals. This includes being aware of the types of food that may contain PFAS, reading labels carefully, and choosing safer options whenever possible. By doing these things, we can help protect our health and well-being.
The Presence of PFAS in Seafood
Did you know that PFAS chemicals can be found in certain types of seafood? This is because these chemicals can accumulate in the bodies of fish and shellfish that live in contaminated waters.
The FDA tested a lot of the food that Americans eat and found a lot of PFAS contamination. Here are some of our favorite foods that are known to have PFAS in them:
The following table summarizes PFAS contamination levels in seafood:
| Seafood Type | PFAS Contamination Levels (ng/g)* | Notes |
| Shrimp | 50-500 | Levels can vary depending on origin and farming practices |
| Salmon (farmed) | 100-1,000 | Higher levels due to contaminated feed and water |
| Salmon (wild) | 2-50 | Levels vary depending on the fish’s habitat and diet |
| Tuna | 10-100 | Can be higher in larger, predatory species such as bluefin |
| Cod | <2-10 | Generally lower levels due to less exposure to contaminated sources |
| Oysters | 2-20 | Can absorb PFAS from the water in which they are grown |
| Mussels | 5-30 | Levels can be higher in mussels from contaminated areas |
| Crab | <2-5 | Levels are generally lower due to the crab’s feeding habits and habitat |
*ng/g = nanograms per gram of tissue
Note: The PFAS contamination levels in seafood can vary depending on several factors such as the species, location, and environmental factors. The values listed above are for reference only and may not reflect current levels in your area.
To reduce your exposure to PFAS in seafood, look for safer options such as wild-caught fish and shellfish from clean waters, rather than farmed seafood or those caught in contaminated areas. You can also limit your consumption of seafood that is more likely to contain PFAS and vary your diet to include a range of different types of protein sources.
The Presence of PFAS in Beef, Pork, and Chicken
PFAS can also be found in certain types of meat such as beef, pork, and chicken. This is because PFAS can be present in animal feed or can contaminate the water and soil where the animals are raised.
Consuming meat contaminated with PFAS can increase our exposure to these harmful chemicals and put us at risk for health problems. However, it is important to note that not all meat contains PFAS and that the levels of PFAS can vary depending on factors such as the animal’s diet and where it was raised.
To reduce our exposure to PFAS in meat, we can choose safer options such as meat from animals raised without PFAS-contaminated feed or those raised in areas with lower levels of PFAS contamination. We can also cook meat at lower temperatures and trim off any visible fat, as PFAS can accumulate in fat. By taking these precautions, we can help protect ourselves from the potential health risks associated with PFAS-contaminated meat.
PFAS Contamination in Prepared Foods
Prepared foods such as microwave popcorn, pizza, and other convenience foods can also be a source of PFAS contamination. This is because some of these foods are wrapped in PFAS-containing materials, or PFAS is added as an ingredient to enhance their texture or flavor.
Consuming prepared foods contaminated with PFAS can increase our exposure to these harmful chemicals and put us at risk for health problems. However, it is important to note that not all prepared foods contain PFAS, and the levels of PFAS can vary depending on the brand and type of food.
To reduce our exposure to PFAS in prepared foods, we can choose safer options such as preparing our own meals using fresh ingredients, rather than relying on convenience foods. We can also read labels carefully and choose products that are PFAS-free or have lower levels of PFAS.
High Levels of PFAS in Canned Foods
PFAS can also be found in certain types of canned foods, such as soup, vegetables, and fruits. This is because PFAS-containing materials can be used in the lining of some canned goods to prevent corrosion and keep the food fresh.
Consuming canned foods contaminated with high levels of PFAS can increase our exposure to these harmful chemicals and put us at risk for health problems. However, it is important to note that not all canned foods contain PFAS, and the levels of PFAS can vary depending on the brand and type of food.
To reduce our exposure to PFAS in canned foods, we can choose safer options such as fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables, or products that are packaged in glass jars. We can also read labels carefully and choose products that are PFAS-free or have lower levels of PFAS.
Is Organic Food a Safer Option?
Organic food is often considered a safer and healthier option for many reasons, including the absence of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. However, when it comes to PFAS contamination in food, the organic label may not necessarily mean that a food is PFAS-free.
PFAS can be present in the environment and can contaminate soil and water used to grow organic crops. Additionally, some PFAS-containing materials can be used in organic food packaging, such as compostable plates and bowls.
While the levels of PFAS in organic food are generally lower than in conventionally grown food, some studies have found detectable levels of PFAS in organic food. Therefore, it is important to read labels carefully and choose products that are PFAS-free or have lower levels of PFAS, regardless of whether they are labeled as organic or not.
PFAS Contamination in Food: Risks and Concerns
PFAS and Food Contact
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals commonly found in everyday products, including food packaging such as grease-resistant boxes and containers. The use of these containers has raised concerns about potential PFAS contamination in food, as enough PFAS could be ingested through food stored in these containers to pose a risk to human health.<h3>PFAS Exposure and Health Risks</h3>
PFAS exposure has been linked to various health risks, including kidney and liver damage, developmental delays, and certain types of cancer. Although the scientific understanding of PFAS exposure and its health effects is still evolving, minimizing PFAS exposure is important for human health.
Understanding the Impact of PFAS Exposure from Our Food
PFAS contamination in our food can have a serious impact on our health. These harmful chemicals are known to accumulate in the body over time, and exposure to high levels of PFAS has been linked to a range of health problems, including:
- Increased risk of cancer
- Decreased fertility
- Compromised immune system
- Thyroid disorders
- Developmental problems in children
In addition, PFAS contamination can also have an environmental impact, as these chemicals can persist in the environment for many years and can accumulate in soil and water.
It is important to note that while the risks of PFAS contamination in food are still being studied, it is generally recommended to reduce our exposure to these harmful chemicals as much as possible. By choosing safer food options and taking steps to reduce our exposure to PFAS, we can help protect our health and the environment.
Limitations of FDA Testing for PFAS in Food
The FDA has been conducting testing to determine the levels of PFAS in our food supply, but there are limitations to these tests. For one, the FDA is not required to test every food product for PFAS contamination. Instead, the agency prioritizes testing certain products based on a variety of factors, such as their potential for exposure and the likelihood of contamination.
Additionally, the FDA has set specific limits for some types of PFAS in food, but there are many different types of PFAS chemicals and the risks associated with them are not yet fully understood. Furthermore, some experts believe that the current limits set by the FDA are not protective enough and that there should be stricter regulations in place.
Overall, while the FDA’s testing for PFAS in food is a step in the right direction, it is important to keep in mind that there are limitations to these tests and that more research is needed to fully understand the risks associated with PFAS contamination in our food supply.
The Role of PFAS in Food Packaging Contamination
PFAS contamination is not just limited to the food itself; it can also be present in the packaging used to store and transport food. In fact, PFAS chemicals have been used in food packaging for decades due to their ability to repel water and grease.
PFAS-containing materials can be found in a wide range of food packaging, including take-out containers, pizza boxes, and microwave popcorn bags. When these materials come into contact with food, PFAS can leach into the food and contaminate it.
While some companies have pledged to phase out the use of PFAS in their packaging, these chemicals are still widely used in the food industry. It is important to be aware of the potential for PFAS contamination in food packaging and to take steps to reduce our exposure, such as avoiding the use of certain types of food packaging and choosing products that are PFAS-free.
Tips for Avoiding PFAS Contamination in Your Food
PFAS can also be present in some types of food, such as seafood, meat, and dairy products, due to their ability to accumulate in the food chain. Additionally, contaminated water and soil can also lead to PFAS contamination in crops and produce. To avoid consuming PFAS-contaminated food, it’s recommended to choose food sources that are lower in PFAS, such as plant-based foods, and to ensure that meat and dairy products come from animals that were not raised in areas with known PFAS contamination. Additionally, filtering tap water and avoiding the use of nonstick cookware and food packaging can further reduce your exposure to PFAS.
Assessing PFAS Exposure in Food
Studies have used levels of indicators for PFAS exposure, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), to assess the dietary exposure of PFAS. Testing food for PFAS contamination has become a growing concern in recent years, and scientific databases like Medline, Google Scholar, and Crossref have published research on the topic.
Minimizing PFAS Exposure in Food
To reduce dietary exposure to PFAS, it is recommended to avoid the use of food containers that contain PFAS, such as those labeled as “grease-resistant.” Additionally, individuals can take steps to limit their overall exposure to PFAS by choosing fresh, minimally processed foods and avoiding items that are likely to contain PFAS, such as non-stick cookware.
PFAS in Drinking Water – Health Concerns
Drinking water is another potential source of PFAS contamination, particularly in areas near industrial sites, military bases, and airports where firefighting foams containing PFAS have been used. According to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), an advocacy organization, PFAS has been detected in the drinking water of nearly 1,400 communities across the United States.
To reduce your exposure to PFAS in drinking water, consider investing in a water filtration system that is certified to remove PFAS. Look for systems that use activated carbon or reverse osmosis technology, which are effective in removing PFAS from water. You can also contact your local water utility to inquire about the level of PFAS in your drinking water and to request regular testing for PFAS contamination.
Read my article about PFAS in bottled water.
FAQs
How did PFAS get into the food chain?
PFAS can enter the food chain through various pathways. One of the main ways is through contaminated soil and water, which can then be absorbed by plants and consumed by animals.
Additionally, PFAS-containing materials used in food packaging and processing can also contaminate food products. Once PFAS enters the food chain, it can accumulate and biomagnify, leading to higher concentrations in higher levels of the food chain, such as in fish and seafood. Therefore, it’s important to be mindful of the food sources you choose and to take steps to reduce your exposure to PFAS in your diet.
Is there a list of products that contain PFAS?
While there is no comprehensive list of products that contain PFAS, some common products that may contain PFAS include nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, and stain-resistant carpets. Additionally, some food packaging materials, such as pizza boxes and microwave popcorn bags, have been found to contain PFAS. However, it’s important to note that not all products within these categories contain PFAS, and the best way to determine if a specific product contains PFAS is to check the product label or contact the manufacturer directly.
Read my article about products that contain PFAS.
Are there any regulations about PFAS contamination in our food?
Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not set any specific regulations for PFAS contamination in food. However, the agency has established guidelines for the maximum levels of PFAS allowed in bottled water and has also recommended monitoring PFAS levels in some types of food.
Some states, such as California, have also set their own regulations for PFAS in drinking water and some types of food packaging. Additionally, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established health advisory levels for PFAS in drinking water. However, there is currently no federal regulation for PFAS in food products.
Final Take on PFAS in Our Food
PFAS contamination in our food is a growing concern due to its potential health effects and widespread presence in the environment. While there are currently no federal regulations for PFAS in food products, there are steps that individuals can take to reduce their exposure to PFAS, such as choosing low-PFAS food sources, avoiding nonstick cookware and food packaging, and filtering their drinking water.
PFAS contamination in food is a growing concern for human health. While more research is needed to fully understand the risks associated with PFAS exposure, taking steps to minimize exposure can help protect our health and wellbeing.
It’s important for individuals to stay informed about PFAS and to advocate for stronger regulations and guidelines to protect our health and the health of our environment. By working together, we can help create a safer and more sustainable food system for all.